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Bernadette Ngoyisa (born 26 August 1982 in Kinshasa) is a professional women’s basketball center with the Indiana Fever of the WNBA. Ngoyisa is from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. She was drafted with the 11th pick in the 2006 WNBA Expansion draft by the Sky from the San Antonio Silver Stars, where she played in 2005. During the 2006 season, Ngoyisa started 23 games and averaged 10.6 points per game and 5.7 rebounds per game.

On May 13, 2008 Ngoyisa was traded to the Indiana Fever.

She is currently playing for Union Hainaut in France during the 2008-09 WNBA off-season.

Notes

1. ^ Offseason 2008-09: Overseas Roster

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Nectar of camellia

An Australian Painted Lady feeding on a flower’s nectar

Nectar is a sugar-rich liquid produced by plants. It is produced either by the flowers, in which it attracts pollinating animals or by extrafloral nectaries, which provide a nutrient source to animal mutualists providing anti-herbivore protection. It is produced in glands called nectaries.

Nectar is an economically important item, the sugar source for honey. It is also useful in agriculture and horticulture because the adult stages of many predatory insects, as well as hummingbirds and butterflies, feed on nectar.

Contents 1 Etymology 2 Floral nectaries 3 Extrafloral nectaries 4 Natural components of nectar 5 Other Uses of the word 6 See also 7 References 7.1 Notes 7.2 Bibliography 7.3 External links

Etymology

Nectar is derived from Latin nectar “drink of the gods”, which in turn has its origins in the Greek word ?????? (néktar), presumed to be a compound of the elements nek- “death” and -tar “overcoming”. The earliest recorded use of its current meaning, “sweet liquid in flowers”, is 1609.

Floral nectaries

Floral nectaries are generally located at the base of the perianth, so that pollinators are made to brush the flower’s reproductive structures, the anthers and pistil, while accessing the nectar.

Extrafloral nectaries

Nectar produced outside the flower is generally made to attract predatory insects. These predatory insects will eat both the nectar and any plant-eating insects around, thus functioning as ‘bodyguards’.Extrafloral nectaries are generally located on the leaf petioles, mid-rib or leaf margin. They are thought to be modified trichomes and exude nectar from phloem sap. Extrafloral nectaries can be found on species belonging to (amongst others) the genera Salix, Prunus and Gossypium. In many carnivorous plants, nectar serves to attract insect prey.

Extrafloral nectaries on the petiole of a Prunus avium leaf.

Extrafloral nactaries on Prunus africana

Natural components of nectar

Although its main ingredient is natural sugar (i.e.,sucrose (table sugar), glucose, and fructose), nectar is a brew of many chemicals. For example, the nicotiana attenuata, a tobacco plant native to the US state of Utah, uses several volatile aromas to attract pollinating birds and moths. The strongest such aroma is benzyl acetone, but the plant also adds bitter nicotine, which is less aromatic and therefore may not be detected by the bird until after taking a drink. Researchers speculate the purpose of this addition is to drive the bird away after only a sip, motivating it to visit other plants to fill its hunger, and therefore maximizing the pollination efficiency gained by the plant for a minimum nectar output. Presence of neurotoxins such as aesculin are present in some nectars such as the California Buckeye.

Other Uses of the word

Nectar is a name commonly given to drinks manufactured with fruit juice (e.g. Mango Nectar, Pear Nectar, Peach Nectar).

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Nectaries

• Nectar source
• Nectar guide
• Nectarivore
• Northern Nectar Sources for Honey Bees

References

Notes

1. ^ Douglas Harper. “Online Etymology Dictionary”. http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=nectar. Retrieved on 2007-09-26. 
2. ^ Plant-Provided Food for Carnivorous Insects - Cambridge University Press
3. ^ Merbach, M. 2001. Nectaries in Nepenthes. In: C.M. Clarke Nepenthes of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
4. ^ [http://books.google.com/books?id=0L1cTNozMw8C&pg=PA8&lpg=PA8&dq=Nectar+components&source=bl&ots=Z-6xPqUw21&sig=usWTYMAclZSov9jKZg5ilhVRso0#PPA9,M1 Nicolson, Susan W.; Nepi, Massimo; Pacini, Ettore (Eds.), “Nectaries and Nectars”, Springer Publications, 2007 p.9)
5. ^ Chemical & Engineering News, Vol. 86 No. 35, 1 Sept. 2008, “Two-Faced Flowers”, p. 11
6. ^ C.Michael Hogan (2008) Aesculus californica, Globaltwitcher.com, ed. N. Stromberg

Bibliography

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U.S. Senator Jackson Morton (Whig-Florida)

Jackson Morton (August 10, 1794 – November 20, 1874) was an antebellum United States Senator from Florida and then a member of the Congress of the Confederate States during the American Civil War.

Contents 1 Early life 2 U.S. government 3 Confederate government 4 See also 5 References 6 Notes 7 External links

Early life

Morton was born in Fredericksburg, Virginia. He was the brother of Jeremiah Morton, a U.S. Representative from Virginia. Jackson Morton graduated from Washington College (now Washington and Lee University) of Lexington, Virginia, in 1814 and from the College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia, in 1815. Morton moved to Pensacola, Florida, in 1820 and engaged in the lumber business.

U.S. government

In 1836, Morton became a member of the Florida Territorial Legislative Council and served as its president in 1837. In 1838, he was a delegate to the state constitutional convention for the first Florida Constitution. Morton was a United States Navy agent in Pensacola from 1841 to 1845. In 1848, he was a presidential elector on the Whig Party ticket.

Morton was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1848. He served in the Senate from 1849 to 1855 and was not a candidate for reelection. Morton resumed activity in the lumber business after his senate service.

Confederate government

As the slavery division grew between northern and southern United States, Morton became active in the development of the Confederacy. On November 30, 1860, he was chosen to represent Santa Rosa County as a delegate of the Florida Secession Convention in Tallahassee. On January 7, 1861, Morton was appointed to be part of a twelve-person committee to prepare an Ordinance of Secession for Florida. Morton and George Taliaferro Ward attempted to have the ordinance amended so that Florida would not secede until Georgia and Alabama seceded and so that popular ratification would be required. They were overruled on January 8, 1861, and the ordinance went to a vote as planned. Morton voted in favor of secession and, on January 10, 1861, by a vote of 62-7, Florida became the third state to leave the United States.

On January 17, 1861, Morton was appointed to be a delegate to the Montgomery, Alabama, convention for constructing a provisional Confederate government. On February 4, 1861, the delegates met and drafted the Provisional Confederate States Constitution which was signed by Morton and the rest of the delegates four days later. The delegates at this convention became the Provisional Confederate Congress. Morton served for the duration of the provisional congress and, in the month following the provisional constitution, he also signed its successor, the Confederate States Constitution. Morton and Augustus Maxwell were the only people to represent Florida in both the United States Congress and the Confederate Congress.

Jackson Morton returned to Santa Rosa County and died at his home, “Mortonia”, near Milton, Florida, on November 22, 1874. Morton was interred there in a private cemetery.

See also

• List of United States Senators from Florida
• U.S. Congressional Delegations from Florida

References

• Brian R. Rucker (1990), Jackson Morton: West Florida’s Soldier, Senator, and Secessionist, Patagonia Pr  ISBN 1-882695-00-3.

• Jackson Morton at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

Notes

1. ^ ^{a b} Florida In The Civil War, Chapter 1
2. ^ Freedom First

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The Will to Live
Studio album by Ben Harper
Released	June 17, 1997
Genre	Alternative Rock
Length	53:18
Label	Virgin
Producer	J.P. Plunier
Professional reviews
Allmusic link Pitchfork Media (7.2/10) link
Ben Harper chronology
Fight for Your Mind (1995) The Will to Live (1997) Burn to Shine (1999)

The Will to Live (1997), an album by Ben Harper which showed his continuing folk-centric focus, while at the same time expanding on his rock talents. This was the second album with the Innocent Criminals (uncredited), and was packaged with a special bonus CD in certain countries.

Contents 1 Notes from the Official Ben Harper website 2 Track listing 3 Personnel 4 Production 5 Charts

Notes from the Official Ben Harper website

While discussing the songs on The Will To Live, Ben Harper says, “It’s the next step. It’s like crawling to walking to running to flying. Those are tough steps from one to the next.” However, one spin through the songs on this album will prove that Harper and The Innocent Criminals have taken off in fine style. From the electrifying “Faded” to the gems “Roses From My Friends” and “Glory & Consequence,” Harper again pushes through the envelope of his musical vision.

Of course, to hear him explain it, this album is just part of an ongoing musical evolution. “I can’t keep making records like Welcome to the Cruel World, he says, referring to his 1994 debut. “I could, but I would never want to, because that’s the challenge of making the records that I make. They are not in one particular rhythm. It goes in different rhythms and movements in each record, song to song, extremely. I could have just made an entire rock record or an entire ballad record or an entire soul record, but that’s not my life. My life is different movements; it’s different rhythms in my heart and in my mind.”

Likewise, he explains, each listener can interpret them for themselves and he, in turn, can hear different meanings within,the longer he plays them. “You can really hear into them quite well as far as what was going on either in my life, in my head, or in my heart,” he explains. “It really doesn’t matter, when it comes down to it, if it was something I lived through or something that I saw someone live through or something I read about. That doesn’t matter, it was just an emotion at the time that was musically inspirational to me.”

The songs that appear on this, his third release, were written during the band’s nearly two year tour to support Fight For Your Mind. That tour took them from North to South, from the United States to such far away places as Turkey and New Zealand. Along the way he’s been playing to a legion of fans that are hip to Harper’s sound. “The crowds have been really, really receptive, excited and know the music. It’s a great joy to travel around the world and hear different languages sing the lyrics,” he says.

The tour enabled the latest version of The Innocent Criminals, which features old and new members, to tighten their sound. Joining Harper is Juan Nelson, who’s been with Ben since the “Cruel World” tour, on bass and drummer Dean Butterworth, who joined the band for the tail end of the Fight For Your Mind tour. During the sessions, which lasted just a month, Harper and crew played live to get the feel for the songs and then Ben would layer his Weissenborn parts on top. That process not only enabled them to capture those precious musical moments, but also allowed Ben to work a touch of analog tape trickery into the album. As an example he points to the intro of “Roses From My Friends,” which is ten to twelve Weissenborns tracked backward and then one forward, playing low end slide over the bed of the other guitars.

From Welcome to the Cruel World to this release, Ben’s learned a bevy of musical and life lessons. “I’ve realized it’s quite a challenge to go from record to record, because no one is going to paint the same picture every time, no one’s going to take the same photograph and no one’s going to make the same record. People evolve and they grow and their lives grow.

“The bottom line is that you really can’t lose the firm grasp on the root of what it is you’re doing; you can’t lose grasp of the roots of where your music comes from. If you stay close to the root then you really won’t lose the feeling and the spirit of where your songs come from to begin with…”

And as he explains it, his root is the acoustic Weissenborn guitar, which has become his signature. “If I picked up a Strat all of a sudden and disregarded the Weissenborn, then started playing with a couple of keyboards and maybe some horns,” he pauses for a second, “I’d be in trouble. I’d be far from the root. I stick with the Weissenborn; it says something new to me every day. Every time I pick it up it sings something new. As long as I keep close to the root, whether it’s acoustic ballad songs, harder rock songs or something in between, as long as the music stays close to the root, then it’ll stay sweet fruit.”

Track listing

All songs written by Ben Harper except as noted.

1. “Faded” – 4:48
2. “Homeless Child” – 3:51
3. “Number Three” – 1:43
4. “Roses from My Friends” – 6:23
5. “Jah Work” – 4:54
6. “I Want to Be Ready” – 4:02
7. “The Will to Live” – 4:57
8. “Ashes” – 3:52
9. “Widow of a Living Man” – 4:10
10. “Glory & Consequence” – 5:40
11. “Mama’s Trippin’” (Harper, Plunier) – 3:45
12. “I Shall Not Walk Alone” – 5:13

Personnel

• Ben Harper - guitar, saz, vocals, weissenborn
• Louis Allen - bass
• Alan Anderson - guitar
• Agnes Baddoo - background vocals
• Brett Banduci - viola
• Patrick Brayer - fiddle
• Dean Butterworth - drums
• Danielle Charles - violin
• Juan Nelson - bass, background vocals
• Eric Person - saxophone
• Amy Piatt - background vocals
• Emily Wright - cello

Production

• Producer: J.P. Plunier
• Engineer: Todd Burke
• Assistant engineers: Peter Doell, Erica Stephenson, Dann Thompson
• Mixing: Eric Sarafin
• Mastering: Dave Collins
• Art direction: J.P. Plunier
• Design: Flavia Cureteu
• Photography: Annalisa, J.P. Plunier

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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2008)

B-26 Marauder
A US Army Air Forces B-26B with D-Day invasion stripes
Role	Medium bomber
National origin	United States
Manufacturer	Glenn L. Martin Company
First flight	25 November 1940
Introduced	1941
Status	Retired
Primary users	United States Army Air Forces United States Army Air Corps Royal Air Force South African Air Force
Produced	1941–1945
Number built	5,288
Unit cost	$102,659.33/B-26A

The Martin B-26 Marauder was a World War II twin-engine medium bomber built by the Glenn L. Martin Company.

The first US medium bomber used in the Pacific Theater in early 1942, it was also used in the Mediterranean Theater and in Western Europe. The plane distinguished itself as “the chief bombardment weapon on the Western Front” according to an United States Army Air Forces dispatch from 1946, and later variants maintained the lowest loss record of any combat aircraft during World War II. Its late-war loss record stands in sharp contrast to its unofficial nickname “The Widowmaker” — earned due to early models’ high rate of accidents during takeoff.

A total of 5,288 were produced between February 1941 and March 1945; 522 of these were flown by the Royal Air Force and the South African Air Force.

Contents 1 Design and development 1.1 Accidents 2 Operational history 3 Variants 4 Operators 5 Survivors 6 Specifications (B-26G) 7 See also 8 References 8.1 Notes 8.2 Bibliography 9 External links

Design and development

In March 1939, the United States Army Air Corps issued Circular Proposal 39-640, a specification for a twin-engined medium bomber. Six months later, Glenn L. Martin Company was awarded a contract for 201 planes. This design, Martin Model 179, was accepted for production before a prototype even flew. The B-26 went from paper concept to working plane in approximately two years. The lead designer was Peyton M. Magruder.

Closeup view of Martin B-26C in flight.

Once the first aircraft came off the production line in November 1940, Martin conducted tests, the results of which were promising. The first B-26, with Martin test pilot William K. “Ken” Ebel at the controls, flew on 25 November 1940 and was effectively the prototype. Deliveries to the U.S. Army Air Corps began in February 1941 with the second plane, 40-1362. In March 1941, the Army Air Corps started Accelerated Service Testing of the B-26 at Patterson Field, Ohio.

The Martin electric turret was retrofitted to some of the first B-26s. Martin began testing a taller vertical stabilizer and revised tail gunner’s position in 1941.

Accidents

This section may contain original research or unverified claims. Please improve the article by adding references. See the talk page for details. (October 2008)

While the B-26 was a fast plane with better performance than the contemporary B-25 Mitchell, its relatively small wing area and resulting high wing loading (the highest of any aircraft used at that time) required an unprecedented landing speed (120-135 mph/193-217 km/h indicated airspeed depending on load). At least two of the earliest B-26s suffered hard landings and damage to the main landing gear, engine mounts, propellers and fuselage. The type was grounded briefly in April 1941 to investigate the landing difficulties. Two causes were found: insufficient landing speed (producing a stall) and improper weight distribution. The latter was due to the lack of a dorsal turret; the Martin power turret was not ready yet.

Some of the very earliest B-26s suffered collapses of the nose landing gear. It is said that they were caused by improper weight distribution but that is probably not the only reason. They occurred during low-speed taxiing, takeoffs and landings. Occasionally the strut unlocked.

The Pratt & Whitney R-2800 engines were reliable but the Curtiss electric pitch change mechanism in the propellers required impeccable maintenance. Human error and some failures of the mechanism occasionally placed the propeller blades in flat pitch and resulted in an overspeeding propeller, sometimes known as a “runaway prop”. Due to its sound and the possibility that the propeller blades could disintegrate, this situation was particularly frightening for aircrews. More challenging was a loss of power in one engine during takeoff. These and other malfunctions, as well as human error, claimed a number of planes and the commanding officer of the 22nd Bombardment Group, Col. Mark Lewis.

The Martin B-26 suffered only two fatal accidents during its first year of flights, November 1940-November 1941: a crash shortly after takeoff near Martin’s Middle River plant (cause unknown but engine malfunction strongly suggested) and the loss of a 38th Bombardment Group plane when its vertical stabilizer and rudder separated from the plane at altitude (cause unknown, but accident report discussed the possibility that a canopy hatch broke off and struck the vertical stabilizer).

The B-26 was not an airplane for novices. Unfortunately, due to the need to quickly train many pilots for the war, a number of relatively inexperienced pilots got into the cockpit and the accident rate increased accordingly. This occurred at the same time as more experienced B-26 pilots of the 22nd, 38th and 42nd Bombardment Groups were proving the merits of the airplane.

For a time in 1942, pilots in training believed that the B-26 could not be flown on one engine. This was disproved by a number of experienced pilots, including Jimmy Doolittle.

In 1942, Senator Harry Truman was a leading member of the Senate Special Committee to Investigate the National Defense Program (the so-called Truman Committee), which was investigating defense contracting abuses. When Truman and other committee members arrived at the Avon Park Army Air Field in Florida, they were greeted by the still-burning wreckage of two crashed B-26s. Truman criticized both Glenn L. Martin and the B-26. Indeed, the regularity of crashes by pilots training at nearby MacDill Field—up to fifteen in one 30-day period—led to the only mildly exaggerated catchphrase, “One a day in Tampa Bay.”

The B-26 received the nickname “Widowmaker”. Other colorful nicknames included “Martin Murderer”, “Flying Coffin”, “B-Dash-Crash”, “Flying Prostitute” (so-named because it had no visible means of support, referring to its small wings) and “Baltimore Whore” (a reference to the city where Martin was based).

The B-26 is said to have had the lowest combat loss rate of any U.S. aircraft used during the war. Nevertheless, it remained a challenging plane to fly and continued to be unpopular with some pilots throughout its military career.

Operational history

B-26 flying over its target during World War II.

The B-26 Marauder was used mostly in Europe but also saw action in the Mediterranean and the Pacific. In early combat the aircraft took heavy losses but was still one of the most successful medium-range bombers used by the U.S. Army Air Forces.

In September 1940, the Army Air Corps ordered 1,131 B-26s. The airplane began flying combat missions in the Southwest Pacific in the spring of 1942, but most of the B-26s subsequently assigned to operational theaters were sent to England and the Mediterranean area.

Bombing from medium altitudes of 10,000-15,000 ft (3,048-4,572 m), the Marauder had the lowest loss rate of any Allied bomber - less than ½%. By the end of World War II, it had flown more than 110,000 sorties and had dropped 150,000 tons (136,078 tonnes) of bombs, and had been used in combat by British, Free French and South African forces in addition to U.S. units. In 1945, when B-26 production was halted, 5,266 had been built.

The B-26 was phased out of US Army Air Forces service before the end of the war. Its last mission was flown in May 1945. According to an article in the April edition of AOPA Pilot on Kermit Weeks’ “Fantasy of Flight”, the Marauder had a tendency to “hunt” in yaw. This instability is similar to “Dutch roll”. This would make for a very uncomfortable ride, especially for the tail gunner.

Variants

The development of the B-26 in illustrated form.

U.S. Army Air Forces B-26B bomber in flight.

• B-26 - The first produced model of the B-26, ordered based upon design alone. The armament on this model consisted of two 0.3 inches (7.62 mm) and two 0.5 inches (12.7 mm) machine guns. (The last model was armed with nearly three times that number.) Approximate pcost then: $80,226.80/plane.
• B-26A - Incorporated changes made on the production line to the B-26, including upgrading the two 0.3 inches (7.62 mm) machine guns in the nose and tail to 0.5 inches (12.7 mm). A total of 52 B-26As were sent to the United Kingdom, which were used as the Marauder Mk I. Approximate cost then: $102,659.33/aircraft (×139)
• B-26B - Model with further improvements on the B-26A. Nineteen were sent to the United Kingdom, which were used as the Marauder Mk.IA. Production blocks of the 1883 planes built:
  • AT-23A or TB-26B - 208 B-26Bs converted into target tugs and gunnery trainers designated JM-1 by the Navy.
  • B-26B—Single tail gun replaced with twin gun; belly-mounted “tunnel-gun” added. (×81)
  • B-26B-1 - Improved B-26B. (×225)
  • B-26B-2 - Pratt & Whitney R-2800-41 radials. (×96)
  • B-26B-3 - Larger carburetor intakes; upgrade to R-2800-43 radials. (×28)
  • B-26B-4 - Improved B-26B-3. (×211)
  • B-26B-10 through B-26B-55 - Beginning with block 10, the wingspan was increased from 65 feet (20 m) to 71 feet (22 m), to improve handling problems during landing caused by a high wing load; flaps were added outboard of the engine nacelles for this purpose also. The vertical stabiliser height was increased from 19 feet 10 inches (6.0 m) to 21 feet 6 inches (6.6 m). The armament was increased from six to 12 0.5 inches (12.7 mm) machine guns; this was done in the forward section so that the B-26 could perform strafing missions. The tail gun was upgraded from manual to power operated. Armor was added to protect the pilot and copilot. (×1242)
  • CB-26B - 12 B-26Bs were converted into transport aircraft (all were delivered to the US Marine Corps for use in the Philippines).
• B-26C - Designation assigned to those B-26Bs built in Omaha, Nebraska instead of Baltimore, Maryland. Although nominally the B-26B-10 was the first variant to receive the longer wing, it was actually installed on B-26Cs before the B-26B-10, both being in production simultaneously. 123 B-26Cs were used by the RAF as the Marauder Mk II. Approximate cost then: $138,551.27/plane (×1210)
  • TB-26C—Originally designated AT-23B. Trainer modification of B-26C. (×>300)
• XB-26D - Modified B-26 used to test hot air de-icing equipment, in which heat exchangers transferred heat from engine exhaust to air circulated to the leading and trailing edges of the wing and empennage surfaces. This system, while promising, was not incorporated into any production aircraft made during World War II. (×1, converted)
• B-26E - Modified B-26B constructed to test the effectiveness of moving the dorsal gun turret from the aft fuselage to just behind the cockpit. The offensive and defensive abilities of the B-26E was tested against in combat simulations against normal aircraft. Although test showed that gains were made with the new arrangement, the gain was insignificant. After a cost analysis, it was concluded that the effort needed to convert production lines to the B-26E arrangement was not worth the effort. (×1, converted)
• B-26F - Angle of incidence of wings increased by 3.5º; fixed 0.5 inches (12.7 mm) machine gun in nose removed; tail turret and associated armour improved. The first B-26F was produced in February 1944. One hundred of these were B-26F-1-MAs. Starting with 42-96231, a revised oil cooler was added, along with wing bottom panels redesigned for easier removal. A total of 200 of the 300 planes were B-26F-2s and F-6s, all of which were used by the RAF as the Marauder Mk III. The Marauder III carried the RAF serials HD402 through HD601 (ex-USAAF serials 42-96329 through 96528). The F-2 had the Bell M-6 power turret replaced by an M-6A with a flexible canvas cover over the guns. The T-1 bombsight was installed instead of the M-series sight. British bomb fusing and radio equipment were provided. (×300)
• B-26G - B-26F with standardised interior equipment. A total of 150 bombers were used by the RAF as the Marauder Mk III. (×893)
  • TB-26G - B-26G converted for crew training. Most, possibly all, were delivered to the United States Navy as the JM-2. (×57)
• XB-26H - Test aircraft for tandem landing gear, to see if it could be used on the Martin XB-48. (×1, converted)
• JM-1P - A small number of JM-1s were converted into photo-reconnaissance aircraft.

Operators

Main article: List of units using the B-26 Marauder during World War II

WASPs on flightline at Laredo Army Air Field, Texas, 22 January 1944.

 France

 South Africa

• South African Air Force

 United Kingdom

• Royal Air Force

 United States

• United States Army Air Corps
• United States Army Air Forces
• United States Marine Corps
• United States Navy
• Women Airforce Service Pilots

Survivors

• B-26B, part of the Fantasy of Flight collection in Polk City, Florida.
• B-26G (s/n 43-34581) is on display at the National Museum of the United States Air Force in Dayton, Ohio. This aircraft was flown in combat by the Free French during the final months of World War II. It was obtained from the French airline Air France training school near Paris in June 1965. It is painted as a 9th Air Force B-26B assigned to the 387th Bomb Group in 1945.
• B-26G-25-MA (s/n 44-68219) is on display at the Musée de l’Air et de l’Espace in Le Bourget, France. It was also recovered from the Air France training school.
• B-26 on display in Marietta, Georgia. Provenance unknown.
• B-26B-25-MA (s/n 41-31773) “Flak Bait.” The nose section is on display at the National Air and Space Museum, Washington DC. The remainder (mid and tail fuselage sections, wings, engines, and empennage) are stored at NASM’s Paul E. Garber facility in Suitland MD. This aircraft survived 207 operational missions over Europe, more than any other American aircraft during World War II and will, one day, be restored and displayed at NASM’s Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center at Dulles International Airport VA.

Specifications (B-26G)

Martin B-26G Marauder at the National Museum of the United States Air Force.

Data from Quest for Performance and Jane’s Fighting Aircraft of World War II

General characteristics

• Crew: 7: (2 pilots, bombardier, navigator/radio operator, 3 gunners)
• Length: 58 ft 3 in (17.8 m)
• Wingspan: 71 ft 0 in (21.65 m)
• Height: 21 ft 6 in (6.55 m)
• Wing area: 658 ft² (61.1 m²)
• Empty weight: 24,000 lb (11,000 kg)
• Loaded weight: 37,000 lb (17,000 kg)
• Powerplant: 2× Pratt & Whitney R-2800-43 radial engines, 1,900 hp (1,400 kW) each

Performance

• Maximum speed: 287 mph (250 knots, 460 km/h) at 5,000 feet (1,500 m)
• Cruise speed: 216 mph (188 knots, 358 km/h
• Landing speed: 104 mph (90 knots, 167 km/h))
• Combat radius: 1,150 mi (999 nmi, 1,850 km)
• Ferry range: 2,850 mi (2,480 nmi, 4,590 km)
• Service ceiling: 21,000 ft (6,400 m)
• Wing loading: 46.4 lb/ft² (228 kg/m²)
• Power/mass: 0.10 hp/lb (170 W/kg)

Armament

• Guns: 12 × .50 in (12.7 mm) Browning machine guns
• Bombs: 4,000 pounds (1,800 kg)

See also

Military of the United States portal

Related development

• Martin XB-27
• Martin XB-33

Comparable aircraft

• B-25 Mitchell
• A-26 Invader
• Vickers Wellington
• Mitsubishi G4M

Related lists

• List of bomber aircraft
• List of military aircraft of the United States

References

Notes

1. ^ Mendenhall, Charles. Deadly Duo. North Branch, Minnesota: Specialty Press Publishers & Wholesalers, 1981. ISBN 0-933424-22-1. Note: The 5,288 serial numbers published in this book effectively refutes the lesser count of the National Air & Space Museum.
2. ^ ^{a b} B-26A
3. ^ Higham, Roy and Williams Carol (eds.). Flying Combat Aircraft of USAAF-USAF (Vol. 1). Andrews AFB, MD: Air Force Historical Foundation, 1975. ISBN 0-8138-0325-X.
4. ^ http://www.airforcehistory.hq.af.mil/PopTopics/AAFaircraft.htm Army Air Forces Aircraft: A Definitive Moment
5. ^ B-26G Marauder
6. ^ B-26
7. ^ B-26B
8. ^ B-26C
9. ^ XB-26D
10. ^
11. ^ B-26F
12. ^ B-26G
13. ^ XB-26H
14. ^ United States Air Force Museum 1975, p. 37.
15. ^
16. ^ Loftin, L.K. Jr. “Quest for performance: The Evolution of Modern Aircraft.” NASA SP-468. Retrieved: 22 April 2006.
17. ^ Jane 1946, p. 245-246.

Bibliography

• Birdsall, Steve. ‘that’s not true

‘B-26 Marauder in Action (Aircraft number 50). Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal Publications, Inc., 1981. ISBN 0-89747-119-9.

• Brown, Kenneth. Marauder Man: World War II in the Crucial but Little Known B-26 Marauder Medium Bomber. Pacifica, California: Pacifica Press, 2001. ISBN 0-93555-353-3.
• Ehrhardt, Patrick. Les Marauders Français. Ostwald, France: Editions du Polygone, 2006. ISBN 2-913832-05-9.
• Forsyth, Robert and Scutts, Jerry. Battle over Bavaria: The B-26 Marauder versus the German Jets, April 1945. Crowborough, UK: Classic Publications, 2000.
• Freeman, Roger A. B-26 Marauder at War. London: Ian Allan Ltd., 1977. ISBN 0-7110-0823-X.
• Green, William. Famous Bombers of the Second World War (2nd ed.). New York: Doubleday, 1975. ISBN 0-356-08333-0.
• Hall, Tom. “Breaking in the B-26″ American Aviation Historical Society Journal. Spring 1992.
• Havener, Jack K. The Martin B-26 Marauder. Murfreesboro, Tennessee: Southern Heritage Press, 1997. ISBN 0-941072-27-4.
• Hunter, Lawrence Jack. The Flying Prostitute. Lincoln, Nebraska: iUniverse.com, 2000. ISBN 0-59500-048-7.
• Jane, Fred T. “The Martin Model 179 Marauder”. Jane’s Fighting Aircraft of World War II. London: Studio, 1946. ISBN 1-85170-493-0.
• Johnsen, Frederick A. Martin B-26 Marauder. North Branch, Minnesota: Specialty Press, 2000. ISBN 1-58007-029-9.
• Listemann, Phil H. Allied Wings No.2: Martin Marauder Mk.I. France: www.raf-in-combat.com, 2008. ISBN 2-9526381-6-0.
• Mendenhall, Charles. Deadly Duo: The B-25 and B-26 in WWII. North Branch, Minnesota: Specialty Press, 1981. ISBN 0-933424-22-1.
• Moench, John O. Marauder Men: An Account of the B-26 Marauder. Longwood, Florida: Malia Enterprises, 1989. ISBN 1-877597-00-7.
• Moore, Carl H. WWII: Flying the B-26 Marauder over Europe. Blue Ridge Summit, Pennsylvania: McGraw-Hill/TAB Books, 1980. ISBN 0-83062-311-6.
• Nowicki, Jacek and Zbiegniewski, Andre R. Martin B-26, Vol. 1 (Militaria 137) (in Polish). Warszawa, Poland: Wydawnictwo Militaria, 2001. ISBN 83-7219-112-3.
• O’Mahony, Charles. “Me & My Gal: The Stormy Combat Romance Between a WWII Bomber Pilot and His Martin B-26.” Wings, December 1994.
• Rehr, Louis S. and Rehr, Carleton R. Marauder: Memoir of a B-26 Pilot in Europe in World War II. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc, 2003.
• Scutts, Jerry. B-26 Marauder Units of the Eighth and Ninth Air Forces. Botley, UK: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 1997. ISBN 1-85532-637-X.
• Swanborough, Gordon and Bowers, Peter M. United States Navy Aircraft Since 1911. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1990. ISBN 0-87021-792-5.
• Tannehill, Victor C. Boomerang, Story of the 320th Bombardment Group in World War II. Self published.
• Tannehill, Victor C. The Martin Marauder B-26. Arvada, Colorado: Boomerang Publishers, 1997. ISBN 0-9605900-6-4.
• United States Air Force Museum. Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio: Air Force Museum Foundation. 1975. 
• Wagner, Ray. The Martin B-26B & C Marauder (Aircraft in Profile No.112). Windsor, Berkshire, UK: Profile Publcations Ltd., 1965. Reprinted 1971.

Zoloft Medicine

Royal Oaks is a light rail station located on Arden Way near the Arden Fair Mall in Sacramento, California. The station opened in 1987.

Transfers

Regional Transit buses 20, 22, 23

hho dry cell

Finding Ideal Weight

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Abacavir
Systematic (IUPAC) name
{(1S,4R)-4-cyclopent-2-en-1-yl}methanol
Identifiers
CAS number	136470-78-5
ATC code	J05AF06
PubChem	441300
DrugBank	APRD00216
Chemical data
Formula	C14H18N6O
Mol. mass	286.332 g/mol
SMILES	eMolecules & PubChem
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	83%
Metabolism	Hepatic
Half life	1.54 ± 0.63 hours
Excretion	Renal (1.2% abacavir, 30% 5′-carboxylic acid metabolite, 36% 5′-glucuronide metabolite, 15% unidentified minor metabolites). Fecal (16%)
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.	B3(AU) C(US)
Legal status	POM(UK)
Routes	Oral (solution or tablets)

Abacavir (ABC) is a nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) used to treat HIV and AIDS. It is available under the trade name Ziagen (GlaxoSmithKline) and in the combination formulations Trizivir (abacavir, zidovudine and lamivudine) and Kivexa/Epzicom(abacavir and lamivudine) . It has been well tolerated: the main side effect is hypersensitivity, which can be severe, and in rare cases, fatal. Genetic testing can indicate whether an individual will be hypersensitive; over 90% of patients can safely take abacavir. However, in a separate study, the risk of heart attack increased by nearly 90%.

Two (2) Abacavir 300mg tablets

Viral strains that are resistant to zidovudine (AZT) or lamivudine (3TC) are generally sensitive to abacavir, whereas strains that are resistant to AZT and 3TC are not as sensitive to abacavir.

History

Abacavir was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on December 18, 1998 and is thus the fifteenth approved antiretroviral drug in the United States. Its patent will expire in the United States on 2009-12-26.

Indication

Abacavir tablets and oral solution, in combination with other antiretroviral agents, are indicated for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.

Abacavir should always be used in combination with other antiretroviral agents. Abacavir should not be added as a single agent when antiretroviral regimens are changed due to loss of virologic response.

Mechanism of action

ABC is an analog of guanosine (a purine). Its target is the viral reverse transcriptase enzyme.

Pharmacokinetics

Abacavir is given orally and has a high bioavailability (83%). It is metabolised primarily through alcohol dehydrogenase or glucuronyl transferase. It is capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier.

Adverse reactions

Fatal hypersensitivity reactions have been associated with therapy with abacavir. Symptoms of hypersensitivity include fever, skin rash, fatigue, gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or abdominal pain and respiratory symptoms such as pharyngitis, dyspnea, or cough.

Hypersensitivity is strongly associated with HLA-B*5701 for which testing is now available in most western countries. There is a strong relationship with race: the prevalence of HLA-B*5701 in India is 20–50%, but is 0% in Japan; the prevalence is 5–7% in western Europe. Screening for the HLA-B*5701 has been convincingly shown to reduce the incidence of abacavir hypersensitivity reactions.

A new FDA alert concerning abacavir and abacavir containing medications was issued on July 24, 2008. FDA informed that based on data from two studies they support a recommendation for pre-therapy screening for the presence of the HLA-B*5701 allele and the selection of alternative therapy in positive subjects. Genetic tests for HLA-B*5701 are available and all patients should be screened for the HLA-B*5701 allele before starting or restarting treatment with abacavir or abacavir containing medications. Development of clinically suspected abacavir HSR requires immediate and permanent discontinuation of abacavir therapy in all patients, including patients negative for HLA-B*5701.

Cautions and Warnings

Patients with liver disease should be cautious about using abacavir because of the possibility that it can aggravate the condition.

The use of nucleoside drugs such as abacavir can very rarely cause lactic acidosis.

Resistance to abacavir has developed in laboratory versions of HIV which are also resistant to other HIV-specific antiretrovirals such as lamivudine, didanosine and zalcitabine. HIV strains that are resistant to protease inhibitors are not likely to be resistant to abacavir.

Redistribution or accumulation of body fat, lipodystrophy, may occur in people taking antiviral medications giving rise to central obesity, facial arm, leg, and/ or buttock wasting, breast enlargement, and fat accumulation at the base of the neck (buffalo hump).

Abacavir is contraindicated for use in infants under 3 months of age.

Food Interactions

None known

Usual Dose

Adult (age 17 and over) :300 mg 2 times a day Child (age 3 months - 16 years) 3.6 mg per lb. of body weight twice a day, up to a maximum of 300 mg in each dose.

Overdosage

Little is known about the effects of Abacavir overdose. Overdose victims should be taken to a hospital emergency room for treatment and always bring the prescription bottle or container.

References

1. ^ SFGate.com
2. ^ Mallal S, Phillips E, Carosi G, et al. (February 2008). “HLA-B*5701 screening for hypersensitivity to abacavir”. N. Engl. J. Med. 358 (6): 568–79. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0706135. PMID 18256392. http://content.nejm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=short&pmid=18256392&promo=ONFLNS19. 
3. ^ Mallal S, Nolan D, Witt C, et al. (2002). “Association between the presence of HLA-B*5701, HLA-DR7 and HLA-DQ3 and hypersensitivity to HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor abacavir”. Lancet 359: 727–32. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)07873-X. 
4. ^ Hetherington S, Hughes AR, Mosteller M, et al. (2002). “Genetic variations in HLA-B region and hypersensitivity reactions to abacavir”. Lancet 359: 1121–2. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08158-8. 
5. ^ Rauch A, Nolan D, Martin A, et al. (2006). “Prospective genetic screening decreases the incidence of abacavir hypersensitivity reactions in the Western Australian HIV cohort study”. Clin Infect Dis 43 (1): 99–102. doi:10.1086/504874. 
6. ^ Zucman D, de Truchis P, Majerholc C, et al. (2007). “Prospective Screening for Human Leukocyte Antigen-B*5701 Avoids Abacavir Hypersensitivity Reaction in the Ethnically Mixed French HIV Population”. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 45: 1. doi:10.1097/QAI.0b013e318046ea31. PMID 17356469. 
7. ^ http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/InfoSheets/HCP/abacavirHCP.htm FDA abacavir alert web access July 29, 2008

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Joselito

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Joselito
Wikipedia articles	All pages beginning with Joselito

Look up Joselito in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Joselito is the name for:

• José Jiménez, a 1950s child actor and singer from Spain
• Joselito Vaca, a Bolivian soccer player
• José Goméz Ortega, a Spanish matador

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joselito”
Categories: Given names

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